What is a Processor?
A processor (CPU) is the BRAIN that responds to and processes the basic instructions that drive a computer. CPU’s will perform most basic arithmetic, logic and I/O operation, as well as allocate commands for other chips and components running in a computer.
Types of Processor:
The two main competitors in the processor market are:-
Intel ( INtegrated ELectronics)
AMD (Advanced Micro Devices)
Difference Between Intel & AMD:
INTEL | AMD |
Less expensive than AMD Processor at the lower range. | Less expensive than Intel at a higher range. |
Can heat up when used with Clock Speed Boost. | Is generally cooler due to smaller lithography. |
Less efficient than AMD. | More efficient than Intel. |
IPC (Rocket Lake) is lower than AMD (Zen 3) | IPC (Zen 3) is higher than Intel (Rocket Lake) |
Clock speed reaches and surpassed 5.0 GHz | The Clock speed can reach 5.0 GHz but result in more heat. |
It has symmetric multiprocessing capabilities of up to 4 sockets/28 cores. | It has symmetric multiprocessing capabilities up to 8 sockets/128cores. |
Most popular intel processors are i3, i5, i7 & i9. | AMD has ryzen3, ryzen5, ryzen7,ryzen 9 & Threadripper. |
GENERATION:
1 GEN(2008) | 6 GEN(2015) | 7 GEN(2016) | 8 GEN(2017) | 9 GEN(2017) | 10 GEN(2019) | 11 GEN(2019) | |
Processsize | 45nm | 14nm | 14nm | 14nm | 14nm | 14nm | 14nm |
TRANSIS-TORS | 731 million to 2300 million | 1.9 billion | — | — | — | — | — |
ClockSpeed | 1.06 GHz to3.33 GHz | Up to 4.5 GHz | 1.0 GHz to 4.5GHz | 1.0GHz to 4.5 GHz | 1.8GHz to 5 GHz | Up to 5.3GHz | Up to 5.3GHz |
Cores | 2-6 in normal/4-8 in xeon | 2-28 | 2-4 | 2-4 | 2-8 | 2-10 | Up to 8 |
L1 | 64 kb per core | 64 KB per core | 64 KB per core | 64KB per core | 64KB per core | 64KB per core | 64KB per core |
L2 | 256kb per core | 256KB per core | 256KB per core | 256KB per core | 256KB per core | 256KB per core | 512KB per core |
L3 | 4MB-24MB shared by all cores. | 2 MB per core | 8 MB shared | 8 MB shared | 16 MB shared | 20 MB shared | 16 MB shared |
Socket, Cores, Threads:
Socket: A server CPU socket is a connector between the CPU’s processor and the motherboard. Servers can support 1/2/4/8/16/32 CPU sockets.
Cores: A server CPU core is a physical part of a CPU that helps it work. Multi-core processors can execute more instructions in the same amount of time.
Threads: A thread is a set of instructions or code for the execution of concurrent programming. A single server CPU core can have 2 threads. If a CPU has 8 cores with two threads per core, it will have 16 threads to perform tasks.
